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• ISBN13: 9780812240467
• Notes: Brand New from Publisher. No Remainder Mark.

Selected by Choice magazine as an Outstanding Academic Title

Since the first airplane hijacking by the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine in September 1970, Middle Eastern terrorists have sacrificed innocent human lives in the name of ideology. From Black September to the Munich Olympics, to the embassy bombing in Beirut, to the devastating attacks of September 11, and beyond, terrorism has emerged as the most important security concern of our time.

"Where did this come from?" Inspired by a student's question on the morning of September 11, 2001, Mark Ensalaco has written a thoroughly researched narrative account of the origins of Middle Eastern terrorism, addressing when and why terrorists started targeting Americans and American interests and what led to the September 11 attacks.

Ensalaco reveals the changing of motivations from secular Palestinian nationalism to militant Islam and demonstrates how competition among terrorists for resources and notoriety has driven them to increasingly extreme tactics. As he argues, terrorist attacks grew from spectacle to atrocity. Drawing on popular works and scholarly sources, Middle Eastern Terrorism tells this story in rich detail and with great clarity and insight.

Includes:

CIA FILES

117 pages, September 6, 1972 to December 3, 1984. Includes CIA briefings addressing: Assessment of Israel's likely response. Effect on West Germany's self-esteem and its upcoming elections. Response of Arab states. Israeli strikes against Fadayeen installations. Israeli actions in Lebanon and the Lebanese response.

DEPARTMENT OF STATE FILES

324 pages from 1969 to 1972, covering the Munich Massacre, actions of the United States after the massacre, material dealing with hijackings performed by Palestinians in the years prior to Munich, with Black September Organization connections.

DEFENSE DEPT. FILES

Report: Countering Terrorism: Israeli Response to the 1972 Munich Olympic Massacre and the Development of Independent Covert Action Teams.

Includes names and backgrounds of targets on Mossad's hit list. A chart shows the 11 targets, whether they were hard or soft targets, team assigned to assassinate, date, location, and method for the hit, whether the hit was successful, if any members of the team was arrested, and collateral damage during the operation.

NIXON TAPES

3 Hours 36 Minutes of White House recordings. Mention of the Munich Massacre is made duringthe course of nine different conversations, taking place between September 6, 1972 and September 8, 1972.

FBI Files

47 pages concerning a discredited tip that Black September planned on blowing-up a U.S. plane during the closing of the Munich Olympics and a discredited alleged threat by BSO against President Nixon in November, 1972.

Contains all computer recognizable text embedded into the graphic image of each page of each document, creating a searchable finding aid.

CD-ROM uses Windows or MAC